The Invisible Enemy in the Air
Microplastic in the air
Air pollution with microplastic is a growing concern. It is estimated that an average person may inhale or ingest up to 121,000 particles every year. These particles, smaller than 5 mm, come from the breakdown of larger plastic waste or are released directly from everyday products such as synthetic textiles, tires or cosmetics.
Despite their tiny size, these particles significantly affect the environment and human health. They are present not only in water and soil but also in the air we breathe—both outdoors and indoors.
The EIA report and scale of the problem
A recent report by the Environmental Investigation Agency states that plastic pollution now rivals the threats posed by climate change. Since mass production began in the 1950s, around 10 billion tons of plastic have been produced worldwide, most of which has never been recycled and instead has broken down into micro- and nanoplastic.
The issue is not limited to oceans or soil—microplastic particles have been detected in rainfall and even in remote regions such as the Alps and the Arctic.
Burning waste and emissions
One of the main sources of microplastic in the air is the illegal and open burning of plastic waste. Burning releases not only toxic chemicals like mercury, dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons but also microscopic plastic particles that rise into the atmosphere.
This practice is particularly harmful in rural areas lacking proper waste management. Burning trash in household stoves pollutes the air and directly exposes residents to toxic and carcinogenic substances.
The "Plastic Air" project
The "Plastic Air" project created by Google Arts & Culture shows in an accessible, interactive way how everyday plastic objects break down into microscopic particles that later float in the air. The virtual visualization demonstrates how bags, clothing or food containers become sources of invisible threats.
Each particle on the screen includes details about its origin, chemical composition and potential impact on health. Initiatives like this aim to raise public awareness about the scale and ubiquity of microplastic pollution.
Impact of microplastic on human health – what do we know?
Research into the effects of microplastic on the human body is still in its early stages, but it is already clear that particles can enter the respiratory and digestive systems. Long-term effects are not yet fully understood, though there are concerns they may trigger inflammation, disrupt immune responses or even affect hormone balance.
Some studies also suggest that microplastic can act as a carrier for toxins, attracting heavy metals and chemicals that may then enter the human body.
How to reduce exposure to microplastic?
- Avoid burning plastic waste.
- Choose products without plastic—opt for natural fibers and avoid cosmetics with microbeads.
- Use air purifiers with HEPA filters indoors.
- Sort and recycle waste properly to prevent uncontrolled degradation.